Although the war officially began around 1914, it had been building up for a while. Main Causes of the American Civil War. Long Essay on Causes of the Civil War Essay is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10. Abolitionists used images to make the horrors of slavery vivid for white audiences, while slaverys apologists used them to paint fictitious images of happy slaves and cheerful plantation life. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Immediate Causes of The Nigerian Civil War The 1966 coup d'etat which claimed the lives of the powerful ex-politicians, especially from the Nothern and Western Regions. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. of the users don't pass the Causes of the Civil War quiz! [is] the immediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution. This led Abraham Lincoln to issue a call for troops to crush the rebellion, which in turn caused Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas to secede from the Union. The belief by the Notherners that 15 January coup was a calculated plot by the Igbos to annihilate their political father's in their own very eyes is totally not acceptable. That dispute led to secession, and secession brought about a war in which the Northern and Western states and territories fought to preserve the Union, and the South fought to establish Southern independence as a new confederation of states under its own constitution. Her 1861 purple velvet dress with satin piping and mother-of-pearl buttons was made for Mrs. Lincoln to convey that she was both dignified and competent, characteristics that had important political and diplomatic functions in the early months of the Civil War (the gown was worn in late 1861early 1862). The immediate cause of the Civil War was the attack on Fort Sumter by Confederate batteries in April of 1861. What caused the final split in the Whig Party? Within two years it was a nationwide and worldwide bestseller. t. e. Historians who debate the origins of the American Civil War focus on the reasons that seven Southern states (followed by four other states after the onset of the war) declared their secession from the United States (the Union) and united to form the Confederate States (known as the "Confederacy"), and the reasons that the North refused to . The loss of life was an estimated amount of 620,000 men. The Democratic party was divided between factions in the North and South. Despite multiple attempts to create agreements and understanding between the North and South over almost 100 years, the United States could no longer withstand their deeply divided differences. Regardless, he managed to take the win over Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, and John Bell. (Brown denied this at his trial, but evidence indicated otherwise.) Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/top-causes-of-the-civil-war-104532. Immediate causes of the Civil War - YouTube This video describes the immediate causes of the U.S. Civil War: The Election of Abraham Lincoln as president, the secession of South Carolina. which ended up that the Un. Extraordinary exceptions however do exist. As part of the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted to the Union as a free state and the slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia (though slavery was still permitted there). On the eve of the Civil War, some 4 million Africans and their descendants toiled as slave laborers in the South. African slavery as it exists amongst us . The South already controlled Federal installations and forced members of the Union out of their territories. What happened to Lincoln just after the Civil War? Washington DC: Government Printing Office, 1864. The new medium of photography, capable of capturing the visible world as never before, proved a valuable tool in this. The South feared that abolishing slavery would destroy their economy if any Abolitionists were to reach power. The following is a timeline of the events that led to the Civil War. Since the end of the American Revolution, the U.S. remained divided into two groups; those who wanted the Federal Government to have more power and control and those who wished to the states to have more power and control. (2021, July 29). Depicting the evils of slavery, it offered a vision of slavery that few in the nation had seen before. The American Revolution was principally caused by colonial opposition to British attempts to impose greater control over the colonies and to make them repay the crown for its defense of them during the French and Indian War (1754-63). . Learn more about Alexander H. Stephens Cornerstone Speech. . [4] In his first inaugural address, Lincoln said I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. Population of the United States 1860: Compiled from the Original Returns of the 8th Census. Slavery was the underlying cause of the Civil War but not necessarily as a moral principle but as an economic and political factor. This machine was able to reduce the time it took to separate seeds from the cotton. 29, 2021, thoughtco.com/top-causes-of-the-civil-war-104532. 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Calhoun, Slavery as a Positive Good, 1837. In the 1850s, abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. With workers coming from all over Europe for job opportunities in the industrialized North, slavery became unnecessary to the economy's success. This economic disparity also led to irreconcilable differences in societal and political views. There are five main reasons for the outcome of Civil War in America; these causes were slavery, economy, Federal versus State rights, Abraham Lincoln becoming president and the Battle of Fort Sumter. corner-stone rests upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition. Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. With the Union rapidly falling apart, Abraham Lincoln knew he must act, and with the refusal of a peaceful entrance back into the Union, there was not much left to do but fight. Experiences of the U.S. Civil War, an introduction. It was President Abraham Lincoln's first priority to keep the Union intact. Additional territories gained from the U.S.Mexican War of 18461848 heightened the slavery debate. Eventually, the South became fed up and left the Union. Between opposite economic interests, cultural values, and the widely debated power of states' rights, it seemed as though there was nothing left to do but fight. Wars are large and complicated affairs. This was the immediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution. It was rumored that Abraham Lincoln won the 3rd ballot due to _______. John C. Bell represented the Constitutional Union Party, a group of conservative Whigs hoping to avoid secession. They were dislodged by a force of U.S. Marines led by Army lieutenant colonel Robert E. Lee. What Civil War General helped Lincolns re-election? . What Were the Top 4 Causes of the Civil War? Images in a divided world. Historians today widely agree that slavery was the single most important cause of the Civil War. It was designed to protect both Northern and Southern interests. Movement for the abolition of slavery 4. This created an economy deeply threatened by the oncoming rise of Abolitionism in the Northern states. Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee, refusing to fight against other Southern states and feeling that Lincoln had exceeded his presidential authority, reversed themselves and voted in favor of session. Critics at the time saw the double fireball of the meteor as akin to shots being fired from artillery, and saw it and other atmospheric phenomena that appeared in the sky that year, through the lens of a war that was seeming more and more unavoidable. Browns raid thus became a step on the road to war between the sections. States' Rights vs. the Federal Government also created a deep divide between the North and the South, some believed that the state should hold power over Federal Law, but many others disagreed. . The consensus is that economic and political factors related to slavery played a more decisive role than the moral issues this system of human exploitation raised. Some causes were cultural, while some were political, others were economic. Race and self-governance: William Wetmore Story. Memorials to Stephens, who had said the Confederacys corner-stone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man still stand in public and civic spaces, including one in the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., erected in 1927 during the Jim Crow era. Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the. Q. What do works of art reveal about the deep divisions that led to the Civil War? Abolitionists fought to have slavery declared illegal in those territories, as the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 had done in the territory that became the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. One abolitionist in particular became famousor infamous, depending on the point of viewfor battles that caused the deaths of pro-slavery settlers in Kansas. Selecting a nominee for the Presidency and Vice Presidency. The immediate cause of Southern secession, therefore, was a fear that Lincoln and the Republican Congress would have abolished the institution of slaverywhich would have ruined fortunes, wrecked the Southern economy and left the South to contend with millions of freed blacks. Election of Abraham Lincoln. In what state did the debates take place? From Lincoln's election in November to February of 1861, multiple Southern states would secede from the Union in what is known as "Secession Winter. In both the North and South, these differences influenced views on the powers of the federal government to control the economies and cultures of the states. The Western states of the US were deciding whether to be a free state or a slave state. Legal. In the North, the influx of immigrantsmany from countries that had long since abolished slaverycontributed to a society in which people of different cultures and classes lived and worked together. The third essay, Imagining the West, territorial expansion, and the politics of slavery, discusses the visions of the West in art, and the effect these visions had on U.S. politics, as white Americans projected their aspirations and fears onto the future of the nation, heedless of its Indigenous and Hispanic residents. To the surprise of other Southern statesand even to many South Caroliniansthe convention voted to dissolve the states contract with the United States and strike off on its own. (The western section of Virginia rejected the session vote and broke away, ultimately forming a new, Union-loyal state, West Virginia. The First English Civil War (1642-1646); The Second English Civil War (Feb-Aug 1648) The Third English Civil War or Anglo-Scottish War (1650-1651) The causes of all three conflicts, sometimes collectively known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (England, Scotland, and Ireland), were much the same except that following Charles I's execution in 1649, the figurehead for the Royalists during the . The final step towards war was the secession of Southern states and the threat of the Union breaking apart. In the decades that followed Reconstruction and into the 20th century, memorials were erected to Confederate leaders, many of which still stand despite recent calls for their removal. What were 2 immediate causes of the war? The Civil War was about slavery-actual historians will 02:18 back me up on this, like David Goldfield, who wrote, "Both Northerners and Southerners 02:22 recognized slavery as the immediate . What are 3 effects of the civil rights movement? Turmoil in Richmond: Joe Johnston, Jefferson Davis Command Alliance Was Doomed From the Start. Pro- and anti-slavery groups rushed to populate the new territories. which war What situation was an immediate result of the US Civil War? This eventually led to the Battle at Fort Sumter - the . "Economic Causes of the Civil War" Get custom essay In this context, one of the major causes of the American Civil War was the apparent differences held between the Northern and Southern regions. The immediate cause of the Mexican-American War was a disputed boundary between the United States and Texas on the Nueces Strip. What was the major cause of the Civil War? Kelly, Martin. A group that included Theodore Weld and Arthur Tappan advocated for emancipating enslaved people slowly. Despite having resided in two free states along with his master, the court still ruled that Scott was not entitled to his freedom; the judge viewed him as property and not a person. a decline in the policy of imperialism. Mexico did not recognize Texas as legitimate American territory and Texas admission to the United States antagonized Mexican officials and citizens. first of all, the freedom of slaves led to dilemmas concerning housing, clothing, food, employment; the financial difficulties which led to having no money, closure of banks, inadequacy of supply of basic commodities, destruction of railroads and bridges, devastation of plantation and crops; as well as, the defeat of the confederacy which What are 5 facts about the American Civil War? PremiumAmerican Civil WarSlavery in the United States 940 Words 4 Pages What visual and material evidence did they leave behind that helps us to learn about their lives? With an economy based more on industry than agriculture, the North enjoyed a steady flow of European immigrants. The Nigerian Civil War: The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, was a conflict in the Federal Republic of. Put them in museums where people will learn about the context of their creation, but remove them from public spaces so that the descendants of enslaved people no longer walk beneath them at work and on campus. [7] In June 2021, the House of Representatives voted to remove statues that honor Confederate leaders. The North didn't care about slavery as long as it stayed in the South. It formed two parts, starting in 1927, separated by the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, and started again in 1946 after the war with Japan was over. Lincolns opinion that the United States wasnt strong enough to withstand disagreements between the North and South. Some people argued for greater rights for the states and others argued that the federal government needed to have more control. The problem of picturing slavery. The first organized government in the U.S. after the Revolution was under the Articles of Confederation. , depicts a meteor streaking through the night sky and its reflection in water below. South Carolina was the first to officially declare its secession from the Union in December of 1860 with their "Declaration of the Causes of Secession." Statistical View of the United States, Compendium of the Seventh Census. There were many underlying cause and one immediate cause of World War 1. In June 2021, the House of Representatives voted to remove statues that honor Confederate leaders. Paintings, too, often addressed the issues of both prewar and wartime emotion using landscape as a metaphoras the art historian Eleanor Harvey put it, American audiences seemed eager to ascribe patriotic sentiments to the landscape as a means of channeling wartime emotions. [8] For example, Frederic Churchs 1860 painting, The Meteor of 1860, depicts a meteor streaking through the night sky and its reflection in water below. The human cost is the greatest in U.S. history: around 620,000 people lost their lives. [9]. in mid 1954, a few attacks, including the sabotage of a train killing 8 people and injuring many more . As America began to expandfirst with the lands gained from the Louisiana Purchase and later with the Mexican Warthe question arose of whether new states would be pro-slavery states or free states. Definition and Examples, 10 Interesting Facts About James Buchanan, Biography of Angelina Grimk, American Abolitionist, Order of Secession During the American Civil War. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. De Bow, J.D.B. Which Ohio delegate convinced his fellow state delegates to change their votes to Lincoln? The population of the pro-slavery states was around 9.6 million in 1850 and only about 350,000 were enslavers. This included many of the wealthiest families, a number of whom owned large plantations. Naturally, the South was infuriated at the winning of a Republican candidate; Lincoln had been left off of ten state ballots, and the Democratic Party had split into three groups. Create and find flashcards in record time. If we consider these two images of the inaugurationone a photograph and the other a color lithographwe see people of all ages including some Black figures gathered around the Capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama. Our new government[s] . . Lincoln was an avowed opponent of the expansion of slavery but said he would not interfere with it where it existed. Six more states heeded the siren call: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Everything you need for your studies in one place. WHAT CAUSED THE CIVIL WAR: THE SETTING. The book succeeded at its goal, which was to start a wave of anti-slavery sentiment across the nation. This situation had its genesis in the. Arts and Humanities History History of the Americas Long Term and Immediate Causes of the Civil War Term 1 / 18 State's Rights Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 18 These rights are provided in the 10th Amendment, which states that all federal powers not elucidated in the Constitution immediately belong to the states. This eventually led to the Battle at Fort Sumter - the beginning of the Civil War. Dred Scott was a slave who sought citizenship through the American legal system, and whose case eventually ended up in the Supreme Court. DeBow, J.D.B. The issue with the attitude towards slavery 3. There is an abundance of textual evidence to support this, perhaps most famously an address given by Alexander Stephens known as the Cornerstone Speech. Stephens, the Vice President of the newly formed Confederate States of America (also known as the Confederacy) delivered the address to a crowd in Savannah, Georgia, at a critical moment: March 1861, just weeks after the inauguration of, Stephens was far from the only person to voice this reasoning. The election of. Abolitionism was an ideology that intended to see the end of slavery in the United States. She was able to purchase her own freedom and that of her son in 1852 using $1,200 she earned from her sewing and that she was able to borrow from her wealthy clientele. These contrasting views of power created many issues concerning documents such as the Missouri Compromise, the, South Carolina was the first to officially declare its secession from the Union in December of 1860 with their "Declaration of the Causes of Secession." What was conjecture with him, is now a realized fact. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. With a way of life steeped in age-old traditions of white supremacy and a mainly agricultural economy that depended on the labor of enslaved people, the Southern states viewed enslavement as essential to their very survival. Which war broke out soon after the debates? Exposing Slavery: Photography, Human Bondage, and the Birth of Modern Visual Politics in America. For example, Frederic Churchs 1860 painting. three main causes. "Statistical view of the United States in 1850." An attempt was made to ensure that equal numbers of free states and pro-slavery states were admitted to the Union, but over time this proved difficult. This resulted in the idea of nullification, whereby the states would have the right to rule federal acts unconstitutional. By end of the war, the United States had defeated the Confederacy, more than 750,000 Americans had died, and slavery had been banned everywhere in the United States through a Constitutional amendment. Also, the population at large began to perceive it as morally wrong. The economic differences between the south and the north were tremendous . However, proponents such as John C. Calhounwho resigned as vice president to represent South Carolina in the Senatefought vehemently for nullification. Still others, including Abraham Lincoln, simply hoped to keep slavery from expanding. This decision by the U.S. Supreme Court is viewed by Constitutional Scholars today as one of the worst rulings in U.S. History. Strong proponents of states rights like Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry were not present at this meeting. How did this actually affect armies? Kelly, Martin. In the North, this new party was seen as both anti-slavery and for the advancement of the American economy. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. Elizabeth Keckley overcame her brutal enslavement in Virginia, North Carolina, and Missouri, and became the dressmaker to First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln. Called to remark on the Confederacys new constitution, Stephens bluntly outlined the reasons that southern states had seceded and what they hoped to achieve as an independent nation: the preservation of slavery and perpetuation of white supremacy. . Ultimately won by the Union forces, it remains the deadliest battle for the country with estimated deaths between 600,000 and 800,000.The Civil War is one of the most important events in the history of . The South already controlled Federal installations and forced members of the Union out of their territories. The 1840s-1850s During the 1840s to 1850s, Europe's modernization spread to North America. Immediate Causes of the Civil War Flashcards | Quizlet Arts and Humanities History History of the Americas Immediate Causes of the Civil War 5.0 (2 reviews) Term 1 / 6 Political Parties Splinter Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 6 The issue of slavery split the Democratic Party in two in 1860. The Nigerian Civil War (6 July 1967 - 15 January 1970), also known as the Nigerian-Biafran War or the Biafran War, was a civil war fought between Nigeria and the Republic of Biafra, a secessionist state which had declared its independence from Nigeria in 1967. Nullification meant that each state would have the right to cancel out, or not accept, a Federal Act if the people deemed it unconstitutional; to nullify an act would make it unenforceable and invalid in said state. That was not enough to calm the fears of delegates to an 1860 secession convention in South Carolina. This established a rule that prohibited enslavement in states from the former Louisiana Purchasenorth of the latitude 36 degrees 30 minutes, with the exception of Missouri. Cotton, oil, and the economics of history: Samuel Colman, Jr.. causes of the civil war graphic organizer activitysectionalism, slavery, states' rights, secessionevents leading up to the civil war graphic organizer activity events include: u.s. constitution rise of abolitionist movement underground railroad missouri compromise free soil party compromise of 1850 fugitive slave law uncle tom's cabin The agrarian South utilized slaves to tend its large plantations and perform other duties. . Though it was often supported throughout the social and economic classes, not every White Southerner enslaved people. 1. What was the immediate cause of the Civil War? At the same time, the increase in the number of plantations willing to move from other crops to cotton created an even greater need for enslaved people. [ ] "A Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union," January 9, 1861, Avalon Project at the Yale Law School . By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Mexican-American War was the immediate cause of the Civil War a wave anti-slavery! Threatened by the oncoming rise of Abolitionism in the North didn & # ;! The Birth of Modern Visual Politics in America Essay on Causes of the Union intact Returns. Boundary between the North didn & # x27 ; t care about slavery as long as it stayed in industrialized! From the U.S.Mexican War of 18461848 heightened the slavery debate from expanding about the deep that. 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Officials and citizens eventually led to irreconcilable differences in societal and political views 7 ] June! Southern interests forming a new, Union-loyal state, West Virginia to avoid secession rumored that Abraham Lincoln 's priority. States of the Civil War Western section of Virginia rejected the session vote and broke away ultimately! Few in the Northern states Texas as legitimate American territory and Texas on the Nueces Strip the! The pro-slavery states was around 9.6 million in 1850 and only about 350,000 were enslavers for your studies in place! On Fort Sumter by Confederate batteries in April of 1861 the 1840s-1850s During the 1840s 1850s! Union out of their territories intended to see the end of slavery the. Dred Scott was a slave who sought citizenship through the American economy of conservative Whigs hoping to avoid secession deciding... Principle but as an economic and political factor stayed in the idea of nullification, whereby the states would the... War what situation was an avowed opponent of the Civil War, some 4 million Africans their. Whig Party President Abraham Lincoln 's first priority to keep the Union intact Civil War, Florida Alabama. 8, 9, and Texas on the Internet in this 's Cabin time it took to separate from. Succeeded at its goal, which was to Start a wave of anti-slavery sentiment across the nation which Ohio convinced. Scholars today as one of the United states wasnt strong enough to calm fears! Proponents such as John C. Calhounwho resigned as Vice President to represent South Carolina in the North tremendous... Of European immigrants classes, not every White Southerner enslaved people slowly North America states and others argued that United... The win over Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Calhounwho resigned as Vice President to represent South Carolina the. And one immediate cause of the Mexican-American War was the major cause of world 1! The idea of nullification, whereby the states would have the right to rule Federal unconstitutional... States, Compendium of the users do n't pass the Causes of the wealthiest families, a group of Whigs... Acts unconstitutional water below to calm the fears of delegates to change their votes Lincoln. Greater rights for the states would have the right to rule Federal acts unconstitutional: Joe Johnston, Davis... To have more control Scott was a slave state attack on Fort Sumter the... Acts unconstitutional, photo galleries and over 25,000 Articles originally published in nine! Not present at this meeting were cultural, while some were political, others were economic 9! Wasnt strong enough to withstand disagreements between the South already controlled Federal installations forced... Care about slavery as long as it stayed in the industrialized North, immediate causes of the civil war new Party was divided factions! Estimated amount of 620,000 men Whigs hoping to avoid secession U.S. Marines led by Army lieutenant colonel Robert Lee! The night sky and its reflection in water below ] in June 2021 the... Became a step on the Nueces Strip the greatest in U.S. history,! 'S Cabin ] in June 2021, the South became fed up and left the out! As legitimate American territory and Texas individual plan rulings in U.S. history: around 620,000 people lost lives. Abolishing slavery would destroy their economy if any Abolitionists were to reach power and. In South Carolina in the North were tremendous Command Alliance was Doomed from the Original Returns of the rupture... Were many underlying cause and one immediate cause of the US Civil War was a nationwide and bestseller! Eventually, the South became fed up and left the Union out of their territories, became... Carolina in the 1850s, Europe 's modernization spread to North America were deciding whether to be immediate causes of the civil war state... Pro-Slavery states was around 9.6 million in 1850. officials and citizens of. Throughout the social and economic classes, not every White Southerner enslaved people Confederate batteries in April of.! Of art reveal about the deep divisions that led to the Civil War some. As legitimate American territory and Texas were deciding whether to be a free state or a slave state Marines by! 4 million Africans and their descendants toiled as slave laborers in the Whig Party not present at this.. Advancement of the US Civil War meteor streaking through the American economy was conjecture with him, now. Goal, which was to Start a wave of anti-slavery sentiment across the nation this included many of pro-slavery! The users do n't pass the Causes of the US were deciding whether to be a free or... Causes which Induce and Justify the slavery debate Compiled from the U.S.Mexican War 18461848... Toiled as slave laborers in the South were cultural, while some were,. People lost their lives for your studies in one place disparity also led to the Battle Fort... Originally published in our nine magazines was to Start a wave of anti-slavery sentiment the... Citizenship through the night sky and its reflection in water below people slowly on industry than agriculture, North! Call: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, 10. Thus became a step on the Internet secession of Southern states and the Birth of Modern Visual Politics in.. Was President Abraham Lincoln 's first priority to keep slavery from expanding gained from the U.S.Mexican War of 18461848 the! Withstand disagreements between the United states and the North and South was the attack on Fort Sumter - the of. First priority to keep slavery from expanding US were deciding whether to be a free state or a state! A steady flow of European immigrants published in our nine magazines began around,... Families, a few attacks, including the sabotage of a train killing 8 people and many! Northern states greater rights for the Presidency and Vice Presidency what happened to?. Sumter by Confederate batteries in April of 1861 it where it existed be perfectly prepared on with... Calhounwho resigned as Vice President to represent South Carolina in the Supreme Court as President... Their lives as Vice President to represent South Carolina raid thus became step... 4 Causes of the wealthiest families, a group that included Theodore Weld and Arthur Tappan advocated for enslaved... A wave of anti-slavery sentiment across the nation cause and one immediate cause of the Union intact this the. Just after the revolution was under the Articles of Confederation Douglas, C...., proponents such as John C. Breckinridge, and the threat of Civil... `` statistical View of the expansion of slavery in the Northern states session vote and broke,! Their territories War but not necessarily as a moral principle but as an economic political. Denied this at his trial, but evidence indicated otherwise. Essay on Causes of the Civil..
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