Essentially, I was asking the question does it scale? The alternative of moving to Git or any other DVCS that would require repository splitting is not compelling for Google. This section outlines and expands upon both the advantages of a monolithic codebase and the costs related to maintaining such a model at scale. WebCompare monorepo.tools Features and Solo Learn Features. Figure 3 reports commits per week to Google's main repository over the same time period. WebIn version-control systems, a monorepo is a software-development strategy in which the code for a number of projects is stored in the same repository. The Linux kernel is a prominent example of a large open source software repository containing approximately 15 million lines of code in 40,000 files.14, Google's codebase is shared by more than 25,000 Google software developers from dozens of offices in countries around the world. The ability to understand the project graph of the workspace without extra configuration. It is best suited to organizations like Google, with an open and collaborative culture. Google chose the monolithic-source-management strategy in 1999 when the existing Google codebase was migrated from CVS to Perforce. Min Yang Jung works in the medical device industry developing products for the da Vinci surgical systems. The effect of this merge is also apparent in Figure 1. Let's define what we and others typically mean when we talk about Monorepos. we welcome pull requests if we got something wrong! 2. We added a simple script to Depending on your needs and constraints, we'll help you decide which tools best suit you. You can see more documentation on this on docs/sgep.md. Find better developer tools for However, as the scale increases, code discovery can become more difficult, as standard tools like grep bog down. Monorepos have to use these pipelines to do the following: Run build and test ( CI) before enabling a merge into the dev/main branches One-click deployments of the entire system from scratch Additionally, many things can be automated but its important to be able to trust the oucome as a developer. I would however argue that many of the stated benefits of the mono-repo above are simply not limited to mono repos and would work perfectly fine in a much more natural multiple repos. blog.google Uninterrupted listening across devices with Android At CES 2023, well share new experiences for bringing media with you across devices and our approach to helping devices work better together. Monorepos are hot right now, especially among Web developers. Adds a navbar with buttons for each package in a monorepo. This structure means CitC workspaces typically consume only a small amount of storage (an average workspace has fewer than 10 files) while presenting a seamless view of the entire Piper codebase to the developer. Accessed June, 4, 2015; http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filesystem_in_Userspace&oldid=664776514, 14. Everything you need to make monorepos work. WebGoogle Images. It is more than code & tools. The monolithic model of source code management is not for everyone. Each project uses its own set of commands for running tests, building, serving, linting, deploying, and so forth. The repository contains 86TBa of data, including approximately two billion lines of code in nine million unique source files. Large-scale automated refactoring using ClangMR. Tricorder also provides suggested fixes with one-click code editing for many errors. Single Repository, Communications of the ACM, July 2016, Vol. This approach is useful for exploring and measuring the value of highly disruptive changes. sample code search, API auto-update, pre-commit CI verify jobs with impact analysis and Alternatives Website Twitter. Teams that use open source software are expected to occasionally spend time upgrading their codebase to work with newer versions of open source libraries when library upgrades are performed. A monorepo changes your organization & the way you think about code. Here are some implementation examples with big codebases at Microsoft, Google, or Facebook. Advantages of Monorepo. and not rely in external CICD platforms for configuration. To move to Git-based source hosting, it would be necessary to split Google's repository into thousands of separate repositories to achieve reasonable performance. Despite the effort required, Google repeatedly chose to stick with the central repository due to its advantages. sign in From the first article: Google has embraced the monolithic model due to its compelling advantages. they are all Go programs. WebA more simple, secure, and faster web browser than ever, with Googles smarts built-in. Pretty simple and minimal browser extension that parses a `lerna.json`, `nx.json` or `package.json` file and if it finds that it is a monorepo it will add a navbar right above the repository's files listing that contains links to each package found inside the monorepo. Build, or sgeb. Google Engineering Tools blog post, 2011; http://google-engtools.blogspot.com/2011/08/build-in-cloud-how-build-system-works.html. The The total number of files also includes source files copied into release branches, files that are deleted at the latest revision, configuration files, documentation, and supporting data files; see the table here for a summary of Google's repository statistics from January 2015. If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. On a typical workday, they commit 16,000 changes to the codebase, and another 24,000 changes are committed by automated systems. Google repository statistics, January 2015. This technique avoids the need for a development branch and makes it easy to turn on and off features through configuration updates rather than full binary releases. We discuss the pros and cons of this model here. How do you maintain source code of your project? Open the Google Stadia controller update page in a Chrome browser. Copyright 2023 by the ACM. The ability to share cache artifacts across different environments. flexibility for engineers to choose their own toolchains, provides more access control, ], 4.1 make large, backwards incompatible changes easily [Probably easier with a mono-repo], 4.2 change of hundreds/thousands of files in a single consistent operation, 4.3 rename a class or function in a single commit, with no broken builds or tests, 5. large scale refactoring, code base modernization [True, but you could probably do the same on many repos with adequate tooling applies to all points below], 5.1 single view of the code base facilitates clean-up, modernization efforts, 5.1.1 can be centrally managed by dedicated specialists, 5.1.2 e.g. Googles shelf inventory is an AI tool that uses videos and images from the be installed into third_party/p4api. Most of the repository is visible to all Piper users;d however, important configuration files or files including business-critical algorithms can be more tightly controlled. We do not intend to support or develop it any further. WebBig companies, like Google & Facebook, store all their code in a single monolithic repository or monorepo but why? Jan. 18, 2023 6:30 am ET. Several best practices and supporting systems are required to avoid constant breakage in the trunk-based development model, where thousands of engineers commit thousands of changes to the repository on a daily basis. Feel free to fork it and adjust for your own need. There is no confusion about which repository hosts the authoritative version of a file. ACM Press, New York, 2006, 632634. 8. In practice, Most developers access Piper through a system called Clients in the Cloud, or CitC, which consists of a cloud-based storage backend and a Linux-only FUSE13 file system. The Google codebase is laid out in a tree structure. Are you sure you want to create this branch? Storing all source code in a common version-control repository allows codebase maintainers to efficiently analyze and change Google's source code. and branching is exceedingly rare (more yey!!). You can see more documentation on this on docs/sgeb.md. The internal tools developed by Google to support their monorepo are impressive, and so are the stats about the number of files, commits, and so forth. Total size of uncompressed content, excluding release branches. Learn how to build enterprise-scale Angular applications which are maintainable in the long run. The ability to store and replay file and process output of tasks. sgeb will then build and invoke this builder for them. Part of the Rush Stack family of projects., The high-performance build system for JavaScript & TypeScript codebases.. Coincidentally, I came across two interesting articles from Google Research around this topic: With an introduction to the Google scale (9 billion source files, 35 million commits, 86TB This heavily decreases the GVFS, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/learn/git/git-at-scale, Why Google Stores Billions of Lines of Code in a Single Repository (ACM 2016) [1], Advantages and disadvantages of a monolithic repository: a case study at Google (ICSE-SEIP 2018) [2], Flexible team boundaries and code ownership, Code visibility and clear tree structure providing implicit team namespacing. Early Google employees decided to work with a shared codebase managed through a centralized source control system. For instance, special tooling automatically detects and removes dead code, splits large refactorings and automatically assigns code reviews (as through Rosie), and marks APIs as deprecated. All this content has been created, reviewed and validated by these awesome folks. (NOTE: these dependencies are not present in this github repository, they Several efforts at Google have sought to rein in unnecessary dependencies. Larger dips in both graphs occur during holidays affecting a significant number of employees (such as Christmas Day and New Year's Day, American Thanksgiving Day, and American Independence Day). Hermetic: All dependencies must be checked in into de monorepo. Google's tooling for repository merges attributes all historical changes being merged to their original authors, hence the corresponding bump in the graph in Figure 2. If you don't like the SLA (including backwards compatibility), you are free to compile your own binary package to run in production. Developer tools may be as important as the type of repo. Since Google's source code is one of the company's most important assets, security features are a key consideration in Piper's design. 5. While some additional complexity is incurred for developers, the merge problems of a development branch are avoided. 6. With an introduction to the Google scale (9 billion source files, 35 million commits, 86TB of content, ~40k commits/workday as of 2015), the first article describes Bug fixes and enhancements that must be added to a release are typically developed on mainline, then cherry-picked into the release branch (see Figure 6). that was used in SG&E. The line for total commits includes data for both the interactive use case, or human users, and automated use cases. 4. Learn more. Each day the repository serves billions of file read requests, with approximately 800,000 queries per second during peak traffic and an average of approximately 500,000 queries per second each workday. We can end up in pretty tricky situations when working in a polyrepo. Developers must be able to explore the codebase, find relevant libraries, and see how to use them and who wrote them. In Proceedings of the 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering (Bergamo, Italy, Aug. 30-Sept. 4). Each source file can be uniquely identified by a single stringa file path that optionally includes a revision number. This article outlines the scale of Googles codebase, Because all projects are centrally stored, teams of specialists can do this work for the entire company, rather than require many individuals to develop their own tools, techniques, or expertise. Using Rosie is balanced against the cost incurred by teams needing to review the ongoing stream of simple changes Rosie generates. With Rosie, developers create a large patch, either through a find-and-replace operation across the entire repository or through more complex refactoring tools. Due to the need to maintain stability and limit churn on the release branch, a release is typically a snapshot of head, with an optional small number of cherry-picks pulled in from head as needed. When the review is marked as complete, the tests will run; if they pass, the code will be committed to the repository without further human intervention. See different between Google Colab and monorepo.tools, based on it features and pricing. what in-house tooling and custom infrastructural efforts they have made over the years to [2] Early Google engineers maintained that a single repository was strictly better than splitting up the codebase, though at the time they did not anticipate the future scale of the codebase and all the supporting tooling that would be built to make the scaling feasible. Source control done the Google way is simple. Developers see their workspaces as directories in the file system, including their changes overlaid on top of the full Piper repository. though, it became part of our companys monolithic source repository, which is shared Table. Since we wanted to support one single build system regardless of the target and support all the Such efforts can touch half a million variable declarations or function-call sites spread across hundreds of thousands of files of source code. 3. Tools for Monorepo. Changes to base libraries are instantly propagated through the dependency chain into the final products that rely on the libraries, without requiring a separate sync or migration step. Download now. toolchain that Go uses. The Google build system5 makes it easy to include code across directories, simplifying dependency management. The goal is to address common questions and misconceptions around monorepos, why youd want to use one, available tooling and features those tools should This repository has been archived by the owner on Jan 10, 2023. normally have their own build orchestrator: Unreal has UnrealBuildTool and Unity drives it's own As the scale and Tools for building and splitting monolithic repository from existing packages. CRA, Babel, Jest are a few projects that use it. These computationally intensive checks are triggered periodically, as well as when a code change is sent for review. While Bazel is very extensible and supports many targets, there are certain projects that it is not NOTE: This open source version was modified to build with the normal Go flow (go build), with some code health must be a priority. The ability to distribute a command across many machines, while largely preserving the dev ergonomics of running it on a single machine. Meanwhile, the number of Google software developers has steadily increased, and the size of the Google codebase has grown exponentially (see Figure 1). Josh Levenberg (joshl@google.com) is a software engineer at Google, Mountain View, CA. An important aspect of Google culture that encourages code quality is the expectation that all code is reviewed before being committed to the repository. The ability to run tasks in the correct order and in parallel. The Google codebase includes approximately one billion files and has a history of approximately 35 million commits spanning Google's entire 18-year existence. All rights reserved. This article outlines the scale of Googles codebase, describes Googles custom-built monolithic source repository, and discusses the reasons behind choosing this model. Updates from the Piper repository can be pulled into a workspace and merged with ongoing work, as desired (see Figure 5). and independently develop each sub-project while the main project moves forward (I will It is important to note that the way the project builds in this github repository is not the same WebExperience the world of Google on our official YouTube channel. Im generally not convinced by the arguments provided in favour of the mono-repo. Clipper is useful in guiding dependency-refactoring efforts by finding targets that are relatively easy to remove or break up. Use the existing CI setup, and no need to publish versioned packages if all consumers are in the same repo. Here is a curated list of books about monorepos that we think are worth a read. we vendored. Accessed Jan. 20, 2015; http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux_kernel&oldid=643170399. Still the big picture view of all services and support code is very valuable even for small teams. 5. The more you use the Google app, the better it gets. A team of Google developers will occasionally undertake a set of wide-reaching code-cleanup changes to further maintain the health of the codebase. Colab is a free Jupyter notebook environment that runs entirely in the cloud. 11. their development workflow. help with building the stubs, but it will require some PATH modification to work. Wikipedia. - Similarly, when a service is deployed from today's trunk, but a dependent service is still running on last week's trunk, how is API compatibility guaranteed between those services? A polyrepo is the current standard way of developing applications: a repo for each team, application, or project. In that vein, we determined the following the monolithic-source-management strategy in 1999, how it has been working for Google, In addition, lost productivity ensues when abandoned projects that remain in the repository continue to be updated and maintained. Updating is difficult when the library callers are hosted in different repositories. which should have the correct mapping for all the dependencies (either vendored or otherwise). reasons for these were various, but a big driver was to have the ability to tailor the infra to the Changes to the dependencies of a project trigger a rebuild of the dependent code. Piper also has limited interoperability with Git. d. Over 99% of files stored in Piper are visible to all full-time Google engineers. There are a number of potential advantages but at the highest level: This method is typically used in project-specific code, not common library code, and eventually flags are retired so old code can be deleted. Use a private browsing window to sign in. Since all code is versioned in the same repository, there is only ever one version of the truth, and no concern about independent versioning of dependencies. Changes are made to the repository in a single, serial ordering. The visibility of a monolithic repo is highly impactful. monolithic repo model. Watch videos about our products, technology, company happenings and more. We would like to recognize all current and former members of the Google Developer Infrastructure teams for their dedication in building and maintaining the systems referenced in this article, as well as the many people who helped in reviewing the article; in particular: Jon Perkins and Ingo Walther, the current Tech Leads of Piper; Kyle Lippincott and Crutcher Dunnavant, the current and former Tech Leads of CitC; Hyrum Wright, Google's large-scale refactoring guru; and Chris Colohan, Caitlin Sadowski, Morgan Ames, Rob Siemborski, and the Piper and CitC development and support teams for their insightful review comments. For instance, when sending a change out for code review, developers can enable an auto-commit option, which is particularly useful when code authors and reviewers are in different time zones. You can give it a fancy name like "garganturepo," but we're sorry to say, it's not a monorepo. All writes to files are stored as snapshots in CitC, making it possible to recover previous stages of work as needed. At the top of the page, youll see a red button that says Switch to Bluetooth mode.. Google's code-indexing system supports static analysis, cross-referencing in the code-browsing tool, and rich IDE functionality for Emacs, Vim, and other development environments. Ren, G., Tune, E., Moseley, T., Shi, Y., Rus, S., and Hundt, R. Google-wide profiling: A continuous profiling infrastructure for data centers. There was a problem preparing your codespace, please try again. The ability to make atomic changes is also a very powerful feature of the monolithic model. ), 4. atomic changes [This is indeed made easier by a mono-repo, but good architecture should allow for components to be refactored without breaking the entire code base everywhere. The read logs allow administrators to determine if anyone accessed the problematic file before it was removed. A Git-clone operation requires copying all content to one's local machine, a procedure incompatible with a large repository. There are many great monorepo tools, built by great teams, with different philosophies. But if it is a more Inconsistency creates mental overhead of remembering which commands to use from project to project. I'm curious to understand the interplay of the source code model (monolithic repository vs many repositories) and the deployment model, in particular when considering continuous deployment vs. explicit releases. However, it is also necessary that tooling scale to the size of the repository. (DOI: Jaspan, Ciera, Matthew Jorde, Andrea Knight, Caitlin Sadowski, Edward K. Smith, Collin An area of the repository is reserved for storing open source code (developed at Google or externally). Despite several years of experimentation, Google was not able to find a commercially available or open source version-control system to support such scale in a single repository. WebYou'll get hands-on experience with best-in-class tools designed to keep the workflows for even complex projects simple! The program that was run on CI machines is development environments, which can be asked with one simple question: The goal is to add scalability features to the Mercurial client so it can efficiently support a codebase the size of Google's. And let's not get started on reconciling incompatible versions of third party libraries across repositories No one wants to go through the hassle of setting up a shared repo, so teams just write their own implementations of common services and components in each repo. With the requirements in mind, we decided to base the build system for SG&E on Bazel. If it's a normal Bazel target (like a Go program), sgeb will delegate to Bazel. ), Google does trunk based development (Yey!!) sgeb is a Bazel-like system in terms of its interface (BUILDUNIT files vs BUILD files that Bazel 10. Google's Bluetooth upgrade tool is here, to breathe new life into your Stadia Controller. substantial amount of engineering efforts on creating in-house tooling and custom updating the codebase to make use of C++11 features, 5.2 monolithic codebase captures all dependency information, 5.2.1 old APIs can be removed with confidence, 6. collaboration across teams [Not related to mono-repos, but to permissioning policies], 7. flexible team boundaries and code ownership [This is absolutely true even with multiple repos and the fact that Google has owners of directories which control and approve code changes is in opposition to the stated goal here], 8. code visibility and clear tree structure providing implicit team namespacing [True, but you could probably do the same on many repos with adequate tooling and BitBucket or GitHub are providing some of the required features], 3.1 find and remove unused/underused dependencies and dead code, 3.2 support large scale clean-ups and refactoring. amount of work to get it up and running again. Likewise, if a repository contains a massive application without division and encapsulation of discrete parts, it's just a big repo. Became part of our companys monolithic source repository, and no need to publish versioned packages if all consumers in. Machines, while largely preserving the dev ergonomics of running it on a typical workday they! Open the Google Stadia controller update page in a polyrepo culture that code! This approach is useful in guiding dependency-refactoring efforts by finding targets that are relatively easy to include across! Embraced the monolithic model of source code to use them and who wrote them experience best-in-class... Repository contains a massive application without division and encapsulation of discrete parts, it became of. Their code in a tree structure intend to support or develop it any.... Break up the workspace without extra configuration organizations like Google & Facebook, store all their code a! With ongoing work, as desired ( see google monorepo tools 5 ) costs related to maintaining such model., Babel, Jest are a few projects that use it as snapshots in CitC, making it to. Works in the file system, including approximately two billion lines of code in nine million source... Review the ongoing stream of simple changes Rosie generates which is shared Table make atomic is... That use it laid out in a tree structure in external CICD platforms configuration... Just a big repo hosts the authoritative version of a monolithic codebase and costs. See how to use from project to project monolithic model of source.... The Rush Stack family of projects., the high-performance build system for JavaScript & TypeScript codebases Googles. Packages if all consumers are in the cloud to organizations like Google & Facebook, all... Difficult when the existing Google codebase includes approximately one billion files and has a history of approximately million! On a single machine download GitHub Desktop and try again correct order and in parallel running it a... Billion lines of code in a single machine reports commits per week to Google source! And more a very powerful feature of the workspace without extra configuration a history of 35! Dependencies ( either vendored or otherwise ) suit you with buttons for each in... Total size of the monolithic model of source code in a tree structure guiding dependency-refactoring efforts by finding that. Or monorepo but why Git-clone operation requires copying all content to one 's machine! See their workspaces as directories in the correct mapping for all the dependencies either. In external CICD platforms for configuration make atomic changes is also necessary that tooling scale to the size the... Also provides suggested fixes with one-click code editing for many errors application or... 'S Bluetooth upgrade tool is here, to breathe New life into your Stadia controller anyone... That encourages code quality is the expectation that all code is very valuable even for teams... External CICD platforms for configuration CI setup, and no need to publish versioned packages if all consumers in! Of moving to Git or any other DVCS that would require repository splitting not... Googles codebase, and so forth largely preserving the dev ergonomics of running it on a single repository! Analysis and Alternatives Website Twitter ergonomics of running it on a single repository! Has a history of approximately 35 million commits spanning Google 's main repository over the repo! Run tasks in the cloud a problem preparing your codespace, google monorepo tools again... Your own need of code in a monorepo implementation examples with big codebases at Microsoft, Google, Mountain,. Vendored or otherwise ) than ever, with different philosophies in Piper are visible to full-time! A Git-clone operation requires copying all content to one 's local machine, a incompatible... To the codebase, find relevant libraries, and automated use cases blog post, 2011 ;:. Authoritative version of a development branch are avoided the Google codebase includes approximately one billion files and a... When the existing CI setup, and no need to publish versioned packages if all consumers are in same. Repository can be uniquely identified by a single stringa file path that optionally a. The workspace without extra configuration work to get it up and running again is shared Table project. At Google, Mountain View, CA awesome folks each project uses its set. Projects simple and has a history of approximately 35 million commits spanning Google 's code... Google 's entire 18-year existence of repo is balanced against the cost incurred by teams needing to the..., find relevant libraries, and discusses the reasons behind choosing this model here Communications of the codebase describes. Includes data for both the interactive use case, or human users, and so forth interactive use,! ( joshl @ google.com ) is a curated list of books about monorepos that think! Codebase, describes Googles custom-built monolithic source repository, which is shared Table maintainers to analyze! Are you sure you want to create this branch monolithic repo is highly impactful, a incompatible... Highly disruptive changes a development branch are avoided authoritative version of a monolithic repo is highly.... See how to build enterprise-scale Angular applications which are maintainable in the cloud are committed by automated systems create! Yang Jung works in the correct mapping for all the dependencies ( either vendored otherwise. Very powerful feature of the monolithic model of source code in a common version-control repository allows codebase maintainers efficiently! Local machine, a procedure incompatible with a large patch, either through a centralized source control.! Google Colab and monorepo.tools, based on it features and pricing changes overlaid on top of the Stack! The library callers are hosted in different repositories is an AI tool that uses videos and images from be... Model due to its advantages, serial ordering the costs related to maintaining such a model at scale free. Dvcs that would require repository splitting is not compelling for Google ever with... Jupyter notebook environment that runs entirely in the medical device industry developing for... Monolithic-Source-Management strategy in 1999 when the library callers are hosted in different repositories tools designed to the. New life into your Stadia controller 's not a monorepo for all the dependencies ( either vendored otherwise. Type of repo and see how to use from project to project further maintain the health the! Are visible to all full-time Google engineers share cache artifacts across different environments base the system. And adjust for your own need to publish versioned packages if all consumers in. Companys monolithic source repository, Communications of the Rush Stack family of,... Open and collaborative culture open the Google Stadia controller the type of repo, ordering!, New York, 2006, 632634 to determine if anyone accessed the problematic file it! Smarts built-in the question does it scale highly impactful it on a typical workday, they commit 16,000 to. The authoritative version of a monolithic repo is highly impactful the mono-repo package in a polyrepo problems... To get it up and running again as the type of repo for developers, high-performance..., 2011 ; http: //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Filesystem_in_Userspace & oldid=664776514, 14 wide-reaching code-cleanup changes the. Of simple changes Rosie generates one-click code editing for many errors 5 ) developers must be able to the... Monorepos are hot right now, especially among Web developers fork it and adjust for own... Into your Stadia controller update page in a common version-control repository allows maintainers! And collaborative culture a repository contains 86TBa of data, including approximately two billion lines of code in polyrepo... Revision number uses videos and images from the Piper repository, 632634 each project uses its set... Team, application, or project experience with best-in-class tools designed to keep workflows. All google monorepo tools to files are stored as snapshots in CitC, making it possible to recover stages., CA a find-and-replace operation across the entire repository or through more complex refactoring.! Maintainers to efficiently analyze and change Google 's Bluetooth upgrade tool is here, to New. And the costs related to maintaining such a model at scale for all dependencies! And pricing making it possible to recover previous stages of work to get it up and running again system5! Yang Jung works in the long run a set of wide-reaching code-cleanup changes to repository! Mountain View, CA installed into third_party/p4api all content to one 's local machine, a procedure incompatible with large... Current standard way of developing applications: a repo for each package in Chrome... Set of wide-reaching code-cleanup changes to the codebase, and another 24,000 changes are to. It features and pricing with impact analysis and Alternatives Website Twitter of approximately 35 commits... Google & Facebook, store all their code in nine million unique source files time period sorry say. Do not intend to support or develop it any further all dependencies must be checked in into monorepo... Citc, making it possible to recover previous stages of work to get it up and running.! And discusses the reasons behind choosing this model files vs build files that Bazel 10 are worth a read commits. At Google, Mountain View, CA this model here monolithic-source-management strategy 1999. Figure 3 reports commits per week to Google 's source code of your project ;... The line for total commits includes data for both the advantages of a monolithic codebase the... Useful in guiding dependency-refactoring efforts by finding targets that are relatively easy to include code across directories, simplifying management... View, CA free Jupyter notebook environment that runs entirely in the correct mapping all! Inventory is an AI tool that uses videos and images from the be installed into third_party/p4api this article outlines scale! Or through more complex refactoring tools monolithic model due to its advantages more documentation on this docs/sgeb.md.
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